1. Department of Urology, Shintoshi Hospital, Iwata, Japan.
2. Department of Urology, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
3. Department of Health Management and Policy, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
4. Department of School of Public Health, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
5. Department of Medical Informatics and Economics, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
6. Department of Preventive Medicine and Community Health, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Fukuoka, Japan.