1. Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, Connecticut.
2. Division on Substance Use Disorders, Department of Psychiatry, New York State Psychiatric Institute, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York.
3. Veterans Health Administration Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center (MIRECC), VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, Connecticut.
4. Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, Connecticut.
5. Pain Research, Informatics, Multimorbidities, and Education (PRIME) Center, VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, Connecticut.