1. Division of Oral Health Sciences, Department of Pulp Biology and Endodontics, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan.
2. King Abdul-Aziz Airbase Hospital, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia.
3. Department for Advanced Dental Research Center of Advanced Medicine for Dental and Oral Diseases, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Aichi, Japan.