1. Vancouver Spine Surgery Institute, Department of Orthopaedics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.
2. Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, Northern Ontario School of Medicine, Thunder Bay, Ontario, Canada.
3. Rick Hansen Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.
4. Department of Anesthesiology, Pharmacology, and Therapeutics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.
5. Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Care, Vancouver General Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.
6. Vancouver Spine Surgery Institute, Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.
7. International Collaboration on Repair Discoveries (ICORD), Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.