1. Department of Engineering and School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, United Kingdom.
2. Department of Physics and Mathematics, School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, United Kingdom.
3. Medical Technologies and Advanced Materials, School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, United Kingdom.
4. College of Biomedical Engineering, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.