1. Division of Healthcare Delivery Science & Innovation, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA.
2. Department of Population Health Sciences, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA.
3. The William T. Foley Distinguished Professor in Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA.
4. Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA.
5. Center for Urban Science and Progress, New York University, New York, New York, USA.
6. Courant Institute of Mathematical Sciences, Department of Computer Science, New York University, New York, New York, USA.
7. Robert F. Wagner Graduate School of Public Service, New York University, New York, New York, USA.