1. School of Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon.
2. Center for Policy and Research in Emergency Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon.
3. Division of Nursing Research and Education, Department of Population Sciences, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, California.
4. Division of General Internal Medicine and Geriatrics, Center for Ethics in Health Care, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon.