1. Department of Emergency and Critical Care, Osaka General Medical Center, Osaka, Japan.
2. Division of Trauma and Surgical Critical Care, Osaka General Medical Center, Osaka, Japan.
3. Department of Traumatology and Acute Critical Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan.
4. Department of Gastroenterology and Hematology, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Japan.