1. Graduate Institute of Nursing, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
2. Department of Nursing, Chang Bing Show Chwan Memorial Hospital, Changhua County, Taiwan.
3. College of Nursing, Central Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taichung, Taiwan.
4. Department of Nursing, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
5. Department of Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
6. Department of Medicine, E-DA Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.