1. Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio.
2. Department of Urology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
3. Department of Health Economics and Epidemiology Research, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
4. Department of Clinical Data Management and Research, Clinical Research Center, National Hospital Organization Headquarters, Tokyo, Japan.
5. Department of Health Care Informatics, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan.