1. Department of Surgery, Division of Acute Care Surgery, Washington University in St. Lous, St. Louis, Missouri, USA.
2. Department of Surgery, Division of Trauma, Surgical Critical Care, and Emergency Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
3. Surgical Services, Section of Surgical Critical Care, Corporal Michael J. Crescenz VA Medical Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.