1. Centre for Global Health, Usher Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
2. MRC/CSO Social & Public Health Sciences Unit, Glasgow, UK
3. COVID-19 Surveillance Lead, Public Health Scotland, Fife, UK
4. School of Health, Wellington Faculty of Health, Victoria University of Wellington, New Zealand
5. Usher Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
6. Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK and Public Health Scotland, Glasgow, UK