Immunological factors of perinatal damage to the nervous system in children born to mothers with impaired carbohydrate metabolism

Abstract

Pregnancy occurring against the background of diabetes mellitus is often complicated by fetoplacental insufficiency, intrauterine hypoxia, which affects, first of all, the nervous system of the fetus. Literature data indicate a close relationship between disorders of the nervous and immune systems. The question of the effect of autoantibodies to insulin and its receptors on the course of pregnancy and the condition of the fetus remains poorly understood. Autoantibodies to nerve tissue proteins (S100, GFCP, OBM, and FRN) also affect the child’s nervous system, which is accompanied by immunological changes (increased activity) of the α1-proteinase inhibitor. Their level can serve as a marker of CNS damage. Deviations in immunological parameters and neurological disorders can persist up to 18 years.