Risk factors of gastric cancer as a basis for the development of a prognostic questionnaire for the register of patients with precancerous gastroduodenal diseases

Abstract

The article is a critical analysis of the world scientific literature devoted to the search for risk factors for stomach cancer for the timely prognosis of this disease and the implementation of cancer prevention measures. The paper presents data from numerous studies to determine the role of environmental factors, including unfavorable ecology, as well as gender, age, smoking, alcohol abuse. The authors’ opinions are presented on the essential role of the alimentary factor in the genesis of neoplasms in the stomach, including the predominance of animal fats in food, the abuse of overcooked, pickled foods rich in nitrosoamines, foods saturated with spices, the use of too hot food, the use of foods infected with mycotoxins in nutrition. The role of environmental factors in the prognosis of gastric cancer is noted: the state of secretory activity of the stomach, the dynamics of inflammatory and atrophic processes in the mucous membrane. A special role for the prognosis of stomach cancer is assigned by many authors to the pyloric helicobacter, as well as the quantitative indicator of glycated blood hemoglobin and its dynamics. The significance of genetic changes in the genesis of gastric cancer and their role as prognostic factors of the disease is ambiguous. The article draws attention to the multidirectional results of many authors in understanding a large number of factors they have studied that could be used as prognostic witnesses of stomach cancer. The expediency of searching for the most significant regional factors for the prognosis of gastric cancer is substantiated, on the basis of which it is very important to create registers of patients with precancerous diseases of the stomach for the organization and implementation of personalized and effective measures of cancer prevention.