Basics of immunooncology and immunotherapy in oncology

Abstract

The purpose of the review is to present an analysis of current literature data on tumor immunology, effector mechanisms of antitumor immunity, and prospects for the development of new immunotherapeutic approaches to cancer treatment. Immunological surveillance is the intellectual basis of the idea of tumor immunology. No one doubts the role of immunological mechanisms in protection against tumors. However, tumor cells have a variety of mechanisms that allow them to avoid the action of immune surveillance factors. Some of these factors are aimed at making it difficult to recognize foreign components in the tumor and trigger immune processes. Other mechanisms prevent the implementation of effector mechanisms. Understanding the mechanisms of immunological escape may suggest immune therapy mechanisms that will be widely applicable to different types of cancer.