Analysis of the stress-strain state of the vehicle frame by finite element method

Abstract

Analysis of load-bearing structures of vehicles is carried out. The peculiarities of the operation of vehicles and their bearing systems are considered. It is noted that the loads acting on the structure are time-varying; their amplitude and frequency characteristics depend on the real load, the speed of the vehicle, the condition of the road surface and other factors. This can cause a high level of stress in the areas of structural and technological concentrators and result in the occurrence of fatigue cracks and frames destruction in these areas. The researching methods of operational loads and the stress-strain state of frame structures under static and dynamic loads are analyzed. It is noted that the finite element method is the most universal for the implementation of static, modal, harmonic and other types of analyzes of frame structures. The finite element method is used to investigate the stress-strain state of bearing structure of the 2PTS-2 trailer under different static load options. The full-scale CAD model of the trailer and its finite-element model are developed using specialized software SolidWorks. Calculations of the stress-strain state of the trailer frame are carried out for typical types of loads: straight-line movement, turning and lifting of the vehicles body with load. The analysis of the safety factors by stresses is carried out in order to take into account the uncertainties of the frame structure model and the uncertainties of the operational load. It is established that when considering the investigated options for loading of the frame structure, the most dangerous are those related to the unloading of the cargo, which requires further research into the specified processes.