The main aspects of the immunopathogenesis of atopic dermatitis in children

Abstract

Research objective Atopic dermatitis (AtD) is the earliest and most frequent manifestation of the body’s hypersensitivity reaction to environmental allergens. Often manifested in severe form, affecting the skin, can occur in early infancy, childhood. The disease is genetically determined and is chronic. AtD is one of the most common skin diseases (from 20 to 40% in the structure of skin diseases), which occurs in all countries in people of both sexes. In recent years, there has been an increase in the incidence of AtD throughout the world. The disease is more common in highly developed countries and cities (less commonly in rural areas). AtD significantly reduces the quality of life of children, causing psychological discomfort and disrupting their social adaptation. AtD in children is a risk factor for the «atopic march» — the further sequential development of other allergic diseases: allergic rhinitis, pollinosis, allergic conjunctivitis, bronchial asthma. With a reduced immune response of the body, AtD in children can be complicated by the addition of a secondary infection (bacterial, viral, fungal). Such a high incidence rate, a debut in early childhood, a frequently recurring course of the pathological process, and a tendency towards an increase in the forms of the disease resistant to traditional therapy make the details of the pathogenesis of AtD particularly relevant. One of the main roles in the pathogenesis of AtD belongs to the cells of the immune system. The purpose of this article: to systematize the information available today on the immunopathogenesis of atopic dermatitis.