Influence of Stump-Root System of Trees on Rut Formation During Forwarder Operation on Peat Soils

Abstract

To explain the soil deformation processes under the influence of logging machines, average values of various indicators are often used. One of these indicators is the rut depth formed during tractor passages. The average values do not fully describe the consequences of passages on the skidding trails, for example, the rut depth varies along the track. This variability includes both random and regular components. The stump-root systems of trees located on the skidding trail and along its border act as a factor that introduces a pattern. To determine the degree of influence of stumps on 8 sections of skidding trails with the length of 25 and 50 m, located on peat soils (the average mass fraction of water is 82.3%), the rut depth was measured at intervals of 0.5 m and the locations of stumps were noted. The resulting arrays of vertical marks represent the microprofiles of the experimental sections. Measurements were taken after 2 harvester passages and 2 forwarder passages. The stumps were divided into two groups: located inside the tractor track and outside it. Statistical processing of the data showed a wide spread of the rut dimensions in each array. Average values at the sections (standard deviations) in cm were: 21.6(17.7); 30.6(21.6); 37.7(22.7); 46(20.3); 36.4(15.0); 36(15.4); 30.6(21.0); 34(21.0). The autocorrelation functions, constructed for the series of values, showed surges with moderate correlation coefficients on the lags where stumps were noted. An increase in stumps per a length unit of the skidding trail shows an increase in the number of such surges. A decrease in the rut dimensions, in relation to the places where the influence of the roots was absent, averaged: in points 0.5 m away from the stump – 44% (22.6); 1 m away – 32% (20.4); 1.5 m away – 22% (14.2). The spatial influence factor of the roots explains 21% of the variability of the rut dimensions along the skidding trail. The factor of the stump location relative to the track is 19%. The combined influence of these factors is 25%. Further identification of regularities in the rut formation processes is associated both with the continuation of studies of the root system influence, but with the inclusion of factors of the stump size and variety, and with the study of the variability of the soil physical properties along the skidding trails, analysing how this is found in the microprofile structure.