A Case Series of “Solitary Idiopathic Choroiditis” and Proposal of a Nomenclature Change to “Idiopathic Scleroma”

Abstract

<b><i>Objective:</i></b> To define the characteristics of solitary idiopathic choroiditis (SIC) in a consecutive series of patients and propose a nomenclature change to idiopathic scleroma. <b><i>Materials and Methods:</i></b> Electronic patient records were retrospectively interrogated to identify all patients diagnosed with SIC between 2002 and 2019 in a tertiary referral ophthalmic hospital in the United Kingdom. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Thirty-four eyes of 34 patients were found to have SIC. The mean age at diagnosis was 48 years (range 24–78) and 23 patients (68%) were female. All lesions were located posterior to the equator, most frequently in the inferotemporal quadrant (13 eyes, 38%). The lesions had a mean largest basal diameter of 1.2 ± 0.4 disc diameters (range 0.5–2) and their distance to the optic disc had a mean of 1.2 ± 0.9 disc diameters (range 0–3.3). All lesions were intrascleral on enhanced depth imaging optical coherence tomography, demonstrating a hypo-reflective zone within the sclera, with an underlying hyper-reflective zone in some cases. No lesion enlarged or developed features consistent with active inflammation after a median follow-up time of 0.9 years (range 0–16.8). <b><i>Discussion/Conclusion:</i></b> Optical coherence tomography shows SIC to be an intrascleral lesion. Furthermore, we found no evidence of any inflammatory component. A nomenclature change to idiopathic scleroma is appropriate to prevent unnecessary investigation.