Coronary Artery Revascularization in Heart Transplant Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Abstract

<b><i>Background:</i></b> Cardiac allograft vasculopathy (CAV) is the primary cause of late mortality after heart transplantation. We look to provide a comprehensive review of contemporary revascularization strategies in CAV. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> PubMed and Web of Science were systematically searched by 3 authors. 1,870 articles were initially screened and 24 were included in this review. <b><i>Results:</i></b> PCI is the main revascularization technique utilized in CAV. The pooled estimates for restenosis significantly favored DES over BMS (OR 4.26; 95% CI: 2.54–7.13; <i>p</i> &#x3c; 0.00001; <i>I</i>² = 4%). There were insufficient data to quantitatively compare mortality following DES versus BMS. There was no difference in short-term mortality between CABG and PCI. In-hospital mortality was 0.0% for CABG and ranged from 0.0 to 8.34% for PCI. One-year mortality was 8.0% for CABG and 5.0–25.0% for PCI. CABG had a potential advantage at 5 years. Five-year mortality was 17.0% for CABG and ranged from 14 to 40.4% following PCI. Select measures of postoperative morbidity trended toward superior outcomes for CABG. <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> In CAV, PCI is the primary revascularization strategy utilized, with DES exhibiting superiority to BMS regarding postoperative morbidity. Further investigation into outcomes following CABG in CAV is required to conclusively elucidate the superior management strategy in CAV.