Cardiopulmonary Response to Acute Exercise before Hemodialysis: A Pilot Study

Abstract

Introduction: Disparities in physical fitness between immediately before dialysis (pre-D) and the day following dialysis (non-D) have not been investigated despite potential adverse factors such as fluid status, uremia, and electrolyte levels in the pre-dialysis period. The effect of acute exercise immediately before hemodialysis (HD) on HD-related hypotension remains unclear. We hypothesized that cardiopulmonary performance and muscular strength would be inferior in the immediate pre-D period compared to those non-D. Methods: Twenty patients receiving chronic HD treatments underwent symptom-limited incremental cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) and isokinetic testing both 1–2 h prior to dialysis (pre-D) and non-D. This investigation was a sub-study of a clinical trial assessing the efficacy of a pre-D exercise training program. Blood pressure profiles during HD post-CPET and pre-D exercise training were compared with those during usual HD sessions. Results: No adverse events were observed during the 80 exercise tests. Prior to dialysis, the nadir of the ventilatory equivalent of CO₂ was slightly elevated, the resting heart rate was lower, and the peak systolic blood pressure was higher than those non-D. Contrary to our hypothesis, peak <inline-formula><mml:math id="m1" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:mrow><mml:mover accent="true"><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">V</mml:mi><mml:mo>˙</mml:mo></mml:mover><mml:msub><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">O</mml:mi><mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math></inline-formula> and quadriceps peak torque showed no differences. Blood pressure profiles during HD post-exercise were similar to those during sessions without prior exercise, except for a lower resting systolic blood pressure at the beginning of HD. Conclusion: Cardiopulmonary response and muscular strength in the 1–2 h prior to HD were comparable with those on the day following HD, with only minor clinically insignificant differences. Acute exercise prior to HD did not affect the magnitude of hypotension during HD. This study suggests a potential alternative timing for exercise training or testing in patients undergoing chronic HD.