Vancomycin Adsorption during in vitro Model of Hemoperfusion with Mini-Module of HA380 Cartridge

Abstract

<b><i>Introduction:</i></b> Sepsis is a frequent complication in critically ill patients. Patients may require control of the source of infection, removal of pathogens and damaged cells, and organ support. Often, these targets can be achieved through the utilization of extracorporeal therapies including hemoperfusion for the adsorption of cytokines and other circulating mediators. On extracorporeal organ support, patients are generally treated with antibiotic therapy, and vancomycin is one of the most commonly used antibiotics. Because of the aspecific nature of adsorption, antibiotics can be removed from the circulation, leading to altered plasma levels and requiring prescription adjustment. The aim was to define the amount of vancomycin adsorbed by a sorbent cartridge (HA380, Jafron, China) during hemoperfusion and to establish possible strategies to maintain an effective plasma level in critically ill patients undergoing extracorporeal therapies. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> In vitro experiments with incremental concentrations of vancomycin in the test solution (500 and 1,000 mL) were carried out in a recirculation circuit until sorbent saturation was observed. A maximum of 10 g of vancomycin were injected and mini-modules containing 25 g of dry resin were utilized. <b><i>Results:</i></b> In different experiments with various concentration of vancomycin, a maximum amount of 244 mg/g of sorbent was adsorbed reaching saturation between 60 and 80 min from the beginning of the experiments. The kinetics of adsorption appears to be governed by a Langmuir-like isotherm with maximal removal speed in the early minutes and a plateau after 60 min. <b><i>Discussion/Conclusion:</i></b> HA380 adsorbs significant amounts of vancomycin. Adjusting the achieved results with the experimental mini-module to a full-scale cartridge, a total of 25 g of antibiotic can be removed. This might have affected outcome results in clinical trials. This suggests prescribing administration to critically ill patients requiring hemoperfusion, immediately after or in the inter-session time window. In case of administration during hemoperfusion, adequate adjustment and plasma level monitoring is strongly recommended.