Smith-Lemli-Opitz Syndrome with Biallelic c.1295A&gt;G (p.Tyr432Cys) Variant in the <i>DHCR7</i> Gene in a 73-Year-Old Woman: Report of the Oldest Patient

Abstract

<b><i>Introduction:</i></b> Smith-Lemli-Opitz syndrome (SLOS), a genetic developmental disorder characterized by various congenital anomalies, arises from a loss of normal <i>DHCR7</i> enzymatic action in cholesterol biosynthesis. This syndrome is typically marked by various congenital anomalies, including microcephaly with cognitive impairments, distinctive facial features, and syndactyly of the toes (2-3 fusion). <b><i>Case Presentation:</i></b> A 73-year-old woman, followed up on by the neurology clinic for the last 3 years for amnesia and movement disorders, was referred to our clinic for genetic etiology investigation. Although there were no significant dysmorphic findings on her physical examination, observations included partial syndactyly between the second and third toes of both feet, a wide forehead, and a triangular face. We used the whole-exome sequencing (WES) analysis to evaluate the patient because of their various phenotype, which included dysmorphic features, movement problems, recurrent hip dislocation, mild intellectual impairment. WES analysis revealed a homozygous missense c.1295A&gt;G (p.Tyr432Cys) variation in <i>DHCR7</i> gene. <b><i>Discussion:</i></b> A total of 9 patients with p.Tyr432Cys variant have been reported in the literature so far. The present case is the first patient with biallelic c.1295A&gt;G (p.Tyr432Cys) variation in <i>DHCR7</i> gene in the current literature. Diagnosing the disorder can be challenging, particularly in its milder manifestations, given the extensive range of clinical presentations. The present case is the oldest patient with SLOS reported in the relevant literature. Mild dysmorphic features, mild intellectual disability, and recurrent hip dislocation, along with the typical finding of syndactyly between the second and third toes in the foot, may indicate mild forms of SLOS.