Epidemiology of de novo Acute Myeloid Leukemia in Kuwait per the 2016 WHO Classification

Abstract

<b><i>Objective:</i></b> Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a hematological malignancy that arises from the clonal proliferation of immature myeloid cells. Although the number of AML cases has dramatically increased worldwide, information on its prevalence and incidence in Kuwait is lacking. This study reports the incidence of AML and patient demographics in the country from 2014 to 2020, based on the 2016 WHO classification of AML. <b><i>Subjects and Methods:</i></b> Data on patients with AML, including acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL), were collected from a clinical cohort with 281 cases analyzed in this study. <b><i>Results:</i></b> The overall median age of the population was 47 years with a 1.1:1 male-to-female ratio. Over the study period, the incidence of AML demonstrated a general increasing trend, with the highest and lowest overall incidence occurring in 2018 and 2015, respectively. The frequency of APL in our cohort was 8.9%. Regarding the 2017 European LeukemiaNet (ELN) risk stratification of patients with AML, 37%, 46%, and 17% of patients had a favorable, intermediate, and adverse risk, respectively. A total of 57% of cases achieved complete remission post-induction, and the median overall survival was 37 months. <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> Our study may help predict the future trends of AML in Kuwait to help improve clinical management and patient outcomes.