Safety of Percutaneous Dilatational Tracheostomy in Critically Ill Patients with Liver Cirrhosis

Abstract

<b><i>Introduction:</i></b> Percutaneous dilatational tracheostomy (PDT) is a safe and cost-effective alternative to surgical tracheostomy. Cirrhotic patients often require ICU admission and prolonged mechanical ventilation. Patients with liver cirrhosis (LC) are known to have coagulopathy and relatively safe and simple procedures such as tracheostomy may be associated with high complication rates, specifically high bleeding rates. Current guidelines are unable to make a specific recommendation on the safety of PDT among cirrhotic patients. We aimed to evaluate the safety of PDT in critically ill patients with LC. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> A retrospective chart review identified critically ill patients who underwent PDT between January 2012 and March 2023. The study group was defined as all patients with a diagnosis of LC. The primary outcome was early (7-day) bleeding, categorized as minor or major. Secondary outcomes were PDT-related and 30-day all-cause mortality. Propensity score matching was performed to adjust the imbalances between the groups. <b><i>Results:</i></b> A total of 1,628 were included in the analysis. Thirty-three of them (2.0%) had LC. In the LC group, only 1 patient (3.0%, 95% CI: 0.0–15.8%) developed early bleeding. Intra-operative, early, late bleeding, and PDT-related mortality rates did not differ significantly between those with LC and those without. <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> This retrospective cohort study indicates that PDT can be safely performed in critically ill cirrhotic patients, without significantly increasing the risk of bleeding complications.