Novel Insights from Clinical Practice Autologous Blood Patch Pleurodesis and Endobronchial Valves for Management of Persistent Air Leaks in Two Cases of Tuberculosis

Abstract

<b><i>Introduction:</i></b> Pulmonary infections, such as tuberculosis, can result in numerous pleural complications including empyemas, pneumothoraces with broncho-pleural fistulas, and persistent air leak (PAL). While definitive surgical interventions are often initially considered, management of these complications can be particularly challenging if a patient has an active infection and is not a surgical candidate. <b><i>Case Presentation:</i></b> Autologous blood patch pleurodesis and endobronchial valve placement have both been described in remedying PALs effectively and safely. PALs due to broncho-pleural fistulas in active pulmonary disease are rare, and we present two such cases that were managed with autologous blood patch pleurodesis and endobronchial valves. <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> The two cases presented illustrate the complexities of PAL management and discuss the treatment options that can be applied to individual patients.