Analysis of the Impact of Clinical Factors on Low-Intensity Extracorporeal Shockwave Therapy for Erectile Dysfunction

Abstract

<b><i>Introduction:</i></b> Predictive factors for the treatment success of low-intensity extracorporeal shockwave therapy (Li-ESWT) for erectile dysfunction (ED) are still under debate. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> Li-ESWT was performed in 50 patients suffering from ED by applying 3,000 shock waves once a week over a period of 6 weeks. Treatment success was defined as an increase in the International Index of Erectile Function 5 (IIEF-5) score by ≥5 points or an Erectile Hardness Score (EHS) of ≥3 points. IIEF-5 and EHS were measured at baseline and at 3 and 6 months of follow-up. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Treatment success according to either the IIEF-5 score or EHS at any time of follow-up was achieved in 28 patients (56%). Twenty-five patients (50%) experienced an improvement during the first 3 months, which lasted for 6 months in 8 cases (16%). Three patients reported improved erectile function only after 6 months. When stratifying the cohort with regard to potential influencing factors, a significantly improved IIEF-5 score could be achieved in men with cardiovascular risk factors (<i>p</i> = 0.026) and in men with antihypertensive medication (<i>p</i> = 0.009). Men without cardiovascular risk factors showed no therapeutic benefit from Li-ESWT. <b><i>Discussion/Conclusion:</i></b> Li-ESWT is a valid but often short-lived treatment option for ED, especially in men with cardiovascular risk factors or controlled hypertension. Future studies should assess the feasibility and safety of repeated applications of Li-ESWT.