Pilot Assessment of Piezoelectric Transducers as a Cost-Effective Alternative to EndoPAT

Abstract

<b><i>Introduction:</i></b> Current microvascular assessments may not be practical or accessible requiring experienced personnel and/or ongoing equipment costs. Piezoelectric transducers can reliably obtain finger blood pressure waves, similar to peripheral arterial tonometry devices; thus, they could be used to estimate microvascular function. We aimed to validate piezoelectric transducers as an alternative measure of microvascular function compared to EndoPAT. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> Twenty-five adults (aged 20–64 years) completed reactive hyperemia (5 min forearm circulatory occlusion and 3 min recovery) with piezoelectric transducers on the middle fingers and EndoPAT probes on the index fingers. Average area under the curve (AUC) of the pulse wave signal for the occluded and control arms was determined at baseline, every 30 s post-occlusion, and 10 s around the peak response. Microvascular function index (MFI) was calculated as the ratio of AUC post-occlusion to AUC baseline in the test arm, then normalized to the same ratio in the control arm. MFI at each time point was correlated with the reactive hyperemia index (RHI) from the EndoPAT. <b><i>Results:</i></b> The greatest significance was found between RHI and MFI at 10 s around the peak response (Spearman’s <i>r</i> = 0.67, <i>p</i> = 0.0002; Pearson’s <i>r</i> = 0.76, <i>p</i> = 0.00001). <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> MFI is a reusable and user-friendly microvascular function assessment that could provide better access to vascular health screening.