Environmental Impact of Bronchoscopy: Analysis of Waste Mass and Recyclability of Bronchoscopic Equipment and Consumables

Abstract

<b><i>Background:</i></b> Greenhouse gases (GHGs) are significant contributors to climate change, and CO₂ equivalent (CO₂-e) is measured to compare emissions from GHGs. The healthcare sector contributes 4.4% of global CO₂-e emissions, mainly with energy consumption and, in lesser extent, waste production. In this regard, bronchoscopy procedures produce a large amount of waste and are responsible for a significant consumption of energy. <b><i>Objective:</i></b> We aimed at quantifying the impact on waste mass production, energy consumption, and recyclability of bronchoscopic procedures. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> We conducted a prospective single-centre observational study; for each type of procedure (performed with either reusable or single-use instruments), the number of items used, their weight, and recyclability were evaluated, as well as the material of which recyclable waste was made of. We then calculated the total amount of waste produced, its recyclability, energy consumption, and CO₂-e produced over 10 days of activity in our Interventional Pulmonology Unit. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Sixty procedures generated 61,928 g of waste, of which only 15.8% was potentially recyclable. Single-use instruments generated nearly twofold more recyclable waste than reusable ones, 80% during the procedure phase. Reusable instruments generated 45% of waste during the reprocessing phase, of which 50% was recyclable. The recyclable material was totally composed of paper and plastic. During 10 days of activity, we consumed 64 kWh and produced more than 67 kg of CO₂-e due to non-recyclable waste and energy consumption. <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> Our results confirm the compelling need to recycle as many materials as possible, even if the amount of recyclable waste is limited. In this respect, official documents issued by international societies are urgently needed to align our activity with climate requirements and improve the sustainability of our work.