Five-Year Outcomes of Medical Management Alone for Adult Patients with Ischemic Moyamoya Disease without Cerebral Misery Perfusion

Abstract

<b><i>Introduction:</i></b> No clear guidelines for treating adult patients with ischemic moyamoya disease (MMD) without cerebral hemodynamic compromise such as misery perfusion have been established. Our previous prospective cohort study of adult patients with MMD without misery perfusion who were treated with medical management alone, including an antiplatelet drug, showed a recurrent ischemic event rate of 3% per 2 years. The present prospective study aimed to elucidate the 5-year clinical, cerebral perfusion, and cognitive outcomes of medical management alone for Japanese adult patients with ischemic MMD without cerebral misery perfusion by following the same patients for another 3 years. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> In total, 68 patients without recurrent events at a 2-year follow-up were prospectively followed up for another 3 years. Cerebral blood flow (CBF) in the symptomatic cerebral hemisphere was measured using brain perfusion single-photon emission computed tomography at inclusion and at the end of the subsequent 3-year follow-up. Neuropsychological testing was performed at inclusion and at the end of the initial 2- and subsequent 3-year follow-ups. <b><i>Results:</i></b> During the subsequent 3-year follow-up, 2 patients (3%) developed further ischemic events. In patients without further ischemic events, CBF was significantly greater at the end of the subsequent 3-year follow-up than at inclusion (<i>p</i> = 0.0037), and all neuropsychological test scores improved or remained unchanged at the end of initial 2- and subsequent 3-year follow-ups compared with that at inclusion. <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> In adult patients receiving medical management alone for ischemic MMD without cerebral misery perfusion, the incidence of further ischemic events was 6% per 5 years and did not change between the initial 2 years after the last is­chemic event and the subsequent 3 years. In patients without further ischemic events, CBF and cognitive function had not deteriorated at 5 years after the last ischemic event.