Evaluation of the Renal and Cardiovascular Effects of Long-Term Tolvaptan Treatment in Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease

Abstract

Background/Aims: Cardiovascular diseases constitute a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in individuals with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD). This study aims to assess the long-term effects of tolvaptan on the kidneys and heart in rapidly progressing ADPKD. Methods: Among 354 patients diagnosed with ADPKD, 58 meeting the eligibility criteria for tolvaptan were included in the study. The study comprised two groups with similar demographic and clinical characteristics: 29 patients receiving tolvaptan treatment and 29 in the control group. Several included genetic analysis, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and echocardiography. Clinical and cardiac changes were recorded in both groups after a three year follow-up. Results: Tolvaptan treatment demonstrated a significant reduction in the rate of eGFR decline compared to the control group. Furthermore, it was observed that tolvaptan could prevent the development of cardiac arrhythmias by inhibiting an increase in QTc interval and heart rate. Conclusion: These findings suggest that, in addition to slowing kidney progression in ADPKD management, tolvaptan may potentially benefit in preventing cardiac complications.