Impact of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome on Periodontal Status of Women of Adolescent and Adult Age Groups: A Cross-Sectional Study

Abstract

<b><i>Objective:</i></b> Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is identified as the most common endocrine disorder in reproductive-aged women, and symptoms of PCOS appear during the early pubertal age. There is a gap in knowledge in recognizing the status of gingival inflammation/periodontal destruction and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein levels (hsCRP) in adolescents versus adults with PCOS. This study aimed to observe the impact of PCOS on periodontal status and systemic inflammation in adolescents and compared them with adults with PCOS. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> A total of 100 newly diagnosed female subjects with PCOS were enrolled into two groups: adolescents (11–19 years, <i>n</i> = 50) and adult females (20–40 years, <i>n</i> = 50). Periodontal parameters, anthropometric parameters, PCOS phenotype, hirsutism score, and serum hsCRP levels were recorded. <b><i>Results:</i></b> High levels of mean hsCRP, gingival index, and bleeding on probing % were observed in adolescent and adult PCOS groups, though nonsignificant between the groups (<i>p</i> &gt; 0.05). Significantly more sites with probing pocket depth 3–4 mm, higher mean clinical attachment level (CAL) and sites with CAL 1–2 mm, and high frequency of patients (<i>n</i> = 11) with periodontitis (stage 1) were observed in adults with PCOS compared to adolescents (<i>p</i> ≤ 0.05). Similar and predominant prevalence of PCOS phenotype A (66%) and moderate hirsutism (46% adolescents vs. 58% adults) were observed in both groups. <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> Similar levels of hsCRP and periodontal inflammation were found in adolescents and adults with PCOS. More periodontal tissue destruction was observed in adults with PCOS as compared to adolescents with PCOS.