Intensive Home Hemodialysis Results in Regression of Left Ventricular Hypertrophy and Better Clinical Outcomes

Abstract

Background: Left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) is an independent risk factor for mortality and cardiovascular events in patients with end-stage renal disease. Studies have shown that frequent hemodialysis leads to LVH regression, but the impact of left ventricular mass (LVM) regression on clinical outcomes remains unknown. Methods: This observational cohort study assessed the impact of LVH regression on the composite outcome of time to all-cause mortality, technique failure or cardiovascular hospitalization in patients on home hemodialysis. LVH regression was defined as either a reduction of more than 10% in LVM in patients with LVH at baseline or prevention of LVH in those without LVH at baseline. Risk factors associated with progression of LVM were also examined. Results: We studied 144 intensive hemodialysis patients between 1999 and 2012 with a mean follow-up of 4.7 years. Eighty-seven patients (60.4%) had LVH regression or prevention and 57 patients (39.6%) had LVH progression. In a multivariate analysis, smoking (OR 2.78, 95% CI 1.06-7.36) and presence of LVH at baseline (OR 2.21, 95% CI 1.06-4.59) were significant predictors for LVM progression. Sixteen patients (18.4%) in the regressor group and 19 patients (33.3%) in the progressor group developed the composite end point. When adjusted for age and diabetes, regression was significantly associated with a decreased risk (hazards ratio (HR) 0.42, 95% CI 0.21-0.84) for the composite end point. Regression was also significantly associated with a decreased risk of death in the adjusted analysis (HR 0.20, 95% CI 0.06-0.67). Conclusions: Regression of LVH with intensive hemodialysis is associated with favorable clinical outcomes.