Effects of Dietary Supplementation with Sea Buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides L.) Seed Oil on an Experimental Model of Hypertensive Retinopathy in Wistar Rats

Abstract

Background/Aims: Sea buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides L.) oil is a rich source of phytosterols, flavonoids, unsaturated fatty acids, and carotenoids, known for their antioxidant and neuroprotective activity. In this study, we investigated the neuroprotective and antioxidant effect of sea buckthorn oil on rat retina in hypertensive retinopathy. Methods: Twenty-eight male 6-month-old Wistar rats were separated into 3 groups: (1) controls, (2) unilateral nephrectomized rats receiving drinking water with 1% NaCl, (3) unilateral nephrectomized rats receiving 0.5 mL sea buckthorn oil and drinking water with 1% NaCl. Systemic pressures were being measured with the tail-cuff method. The antiapoptotic effect of sea buckthorn was determined by measuring glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), cleaved caspase-3, and glutamine synthetase levels with immunohistochemistry and Western blot. Results: Nephrectomy and salt intake caused increases in both systolic and diastolic pressures. Both types of analysis showed that group 2 had statistically significant increases in the expression of GFAP and cleaved caspase-3, while group 3 showed no significant differences compared with the control group. The expression of glutamine synthetase showed no significant differences between the 3 groups. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that sea buckthorn could notably protect the retina from damage induced by hypertensive retinopathy.