Association of Alopecia Areata with Sensorineural Hearing Loss: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

Abstract

Background: Immune-mediated melanocyte-related pathogenesis in alopecia areata (AA) may cause sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL). However, the relation between AA and SNHL has been unclear. Therefore, we aimed to investigate this association between AA and SNHL. Methods: We performed a systematic review and searched MEDLINE and Embase on July 25, 2022, for cross-sectional, case-control, or cohort studies that examined the association of AA with SNHL. The Newcastle-Ottawa Scale was used to evaluate their risk of bias. A random-effects model meta-analysis was performed to obtain the mean differences in frequency-specific hearing thresholds between AA patients and age-matched healthy controls and the pooled odds ratio for SNHL in relation to AA. Results: We included 5 case-control studies and 1 cohort study, with none of them rated with high risk of biases. The meta-analysis showed AA patients had significantly higher mean differences in pure-tone hearing thresholds at 4,000 Hz and 12,000–12,500 Hz. The meta-analysis also found increased odds for SNHL among patients with AA (OR: 3.18; 95% CI: 2.06–4.89; I2 = 0%). Conclusions: AA is associated with an increase of SNHL, especially at high frequencies. Otologic consultation may be indicated if AA patients present with hearing loss or tinnitus.