Comparison of Static and Dynamic Baseline Creatinine Surrogates for Defining Acute Kidney Injury

Abstract

<b><i>Background:</i></b> “Dynamic” baseline serum creatinine (sCr), based on a rolling 48-h window, and a static baseline sCr (previous outpatient sCr) were used to define acute kidney injury (AKI). <b><i>Methods:</i></b> Retrospective cohort study of adult admissions to the University of Alabama (UAB) Health System hospitals for years 2016–2018. Included admissions had &#x3e;1- and &#x3c;180-day length of stay, &#x3e;2 inpatient sCr measurements, and an averaged estimated glomerular filtration rate &#x3e;15 mL/min/1.73 m². The final cohort of 62,380 patients included 100,570 admissions, 3,509 inpatient deaths, and 1,916 admissions with inpatient dialysis. AKI was defined by Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) criteria and a static or dynamic baseline sCr. Discrimination was evaluated with area under receiver operator curves (AUC), logistic regression, and net reclassification improvement (NRI). <b><i>Results:</i></b> Preadmission outpatient “static” sCr values were available for 43,433 admissions. The lowest sCr value during a rolling 48-h window before each inpatient sCr defined a “dynamic” baseline sCr. Using point-wise comparisons, the dynamic baseline sCr performed better than static baseline sCr for inpatient mortality (AUC [0.819 vs. 0.741; <i>p</i> &#x3c; 0.001] and NRI ≥0.306 [<i>p</i> &#x3c; 0.001]) and inpatient dialysis (AUC [0.903 vs. 0.864; <i>p</i> &#x3c; 0.001] and NRI ≥0.317 [<i>p</i> &#x3c; 0.001]). <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> The dynamic baseline sCr is available without reference to preadmission sCr values and avoids confounding associated with missing outpatient sCr values. AKI defined with the dynamic baseline sCr significantly improved discrimination of risk for inpatient mortality and dialysis compared to static baseline sCr.