Postural Control in Subjects with Incomplete Partition Inner Ear Malformations: A Comparison of Incomplete Partition Types

Abstract

<b><i>Introduction:</i></b> Children with inner ear malformation (IEM) are at risk of vestibular loss as well as hearing loss. Incomplete partition (IP) anomalies constitute about 41% of all IEMs. This study aimed to investigate the postural control in subjects with the same type of IP on both sides and to compare their results with cochlear implant (CI) users without IEM and healthy peers. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> The study group consists of 17 subjects with the same IP types on both sides and using auditory implants on at least one side, with the following 3 groups: 6 IP-I subjects (mean age 12.28 ± 6.25), 6 IP-II subjects (mean age 12.90 ± 3.23), and 5 IP-III subjects (mean age 6.98 ± 3.10). Six unilateral CI users (mean age 11.38 ± 3.57) with normal inner ear structures were included in the CI control group, and 6 healthy peers (10.20 ± 4.79) were included in the healthy control group. The postural control was measured using the Bruininks-Oseretsky Test of Motor Proficiency Second Edition (BOT-2) balance subtest. All devices were turned off during the balance test. <b><i>Results:</i></b> The BOT-2 balance scale scores were observed to be significantly different between the IP-I and healthy control group (medians of balance scores being 3.00 and 16.00, respectively, <i>p</i> &#x3c; 0.001) and the IP-III and healthy control group (medians of balance scores being 6.60 and 16.00, respectively, <i>p</i> = 0.04). The IP-II group had better balance scores (median = 8.00) than those of the other IP groups, although there were no significant differences between the IP-II and other groups (<i>p</i> &#x3e; 0.05). <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> This study demonstrated that subjects with the same IP type on both sides and with early implantation may differ in terms of their postural control abilities depending on their IP type. Subjects with IP should be regularly followed up by the vestibular assessment and supported by their postural control ability by vestibular rehabilitation.