Clinical Diversity of Cerebral Sinovenous Thrombosis and Arterial Ischaemic Stroke in the Neonate: A Surveillance Study

Abstract

<b><i>Introduction:</i></b> Incidence, risk factors, clinical presentation, onset of symptoms, and age at diagnosis differ between neonatal arterial ischaemic stroke (AIS) and cerebral sinovenous thrombosis (CSVT). A more accurate and earlier discrimination of these two entities can be of eminent importance. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> Active surveillance for AIS and CSVT was performed in 345 German paediatric hospitals. Only MRI confirmed cases were included in our analysis. Patients with AIS were compared to CSVT cases with regard to age at diagnosis, pattern of clinical symptoms, and case characteristics. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Data on 144 AIS and 51 CSVT neonatal cases were collected from 2015 to 2017. The frequency of reported AIS cases was 2.8 [95% CI 2.1; 3.9] times higher compared to reported CSVT cases. CSVT patients were more likely to be born premature (CSVT 14/48, 29.2%; AIS 19/140, 13.2%; <i>p</i> = 0.02) and to have signs of perinatal acidosis (30.2% CSVT vs. 13.5% AIS; <i>p</i> = 0.01). Generalized seizures and lethargy were more likely to occur in infants with CSVT (<i>p</i> &#x3c; 0.0001). Age at onset of symptoms and at time of diagnosis were shifted to older ages in CSVT (<i>p</i> &#x3c; 0.0001). <b><i>Discussion/Conclusion:</i></b> In the neonatal period, AIS is about three times more common than CSVT. A higher proportion of critically ill infants in CSVT and a later onset of symptoms may indicate that perinatal and postnatal complications are more important for CSVT than for AIS.