Decrease in Mycophenolic Acid Plasma Level by Sacubitril/Valsartan in a Lupus Nephritis Patient: A Case Report

Abstract

<b><i>Introduction:</i></b> Mycophenolate mofetil (MMF), an inactive prodrug of mycophenolic acid (MPA), is an immunosuppressive drug used widely in the treatment of lupus nephritis. In this case report, the area under the blood concentration time curve (AUC) of MPA was significantly decreased by the concomitant use of sacubitril/valsartan. <b><i>Case Presentation:</i></b> The patient was a man in his 40s with a diagnosis of lupus nephritis class IVa/c+V. MMF dose was 1.5 g/day at admission, and AUC of MPA on day 14 was 25.1 μg⋅h/mL. Owing to poor blood pressure control, sacubitril/valsartan was initiated at 97/103 mg/day on day 29. On day 37, AUC of MPA was significantly decreased to 8.7 μg⋅h/mL, suggesting drug interaction with the newly initiated sacubitril/valsartan. Sacubitril/valsartan was decreased to 49/51 mg/day, and AUC of MPA on day 67 was 37.6 μg⋅h/mL, achieving the target range. The final MMF dose was set at 1.75 g/day. A possible mechanism of drug interaction between sacubitril/valsartan and MPA involves an organic anion transporting polypeptide (OATP). The inhibition of OATPs by sacubitril may have interrupted the enterohepatic circulation of MPA, resulting in a lower plasma concentration. <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> Since lupus nephritis is often associated with hypertension, the drug interaction observed in this report may also occur in other cases. However, it is impossible to conclude that the decrease in plasma MPA levels was due to the concomitant use of sacubitril/valsartan, and more cases and basic findings are needed.