Microcirculation No-Reflow Phenomenon after Acute Ischemic Stroke

Abstract

Background: The no-reflow phenomenon refers to a failure to restore normal cerebral microcirculation despite brain large artery recanalization after acute ischemic stroke, which was observed over 50 years ago. Summary: Different mechanisms contributing to no-reflow extend across the endovascular, vascular wall, and extravascular factors. There are some clinical tools to evaluate cerebral microvascular hemodynamics and represent biomarkers of the no-reflow phenomenon. As substantial experimental and clinical data showed that clinical outcome was better correlated with reperfusion status rather than recanalization in patients with ischemic stroke, how to address the no-reflow phenomenon is critical. But effective treatments for restoring cerebral microcirculation have not been well established until now, so there is an urgent need for novel therapeutic perspectives to improve outcomes after recanalization therapies. Conclusion: Here, we review the occurrence of the no-reflow phenomenon after ischemic stroke and discuss its impact, detection method, and therapeutic strategies on the course of ischemic stroke, from basic science to clinical findings.