Prevalence and Risk Factors of Poststroke Dysphagia: A Meta-Analysis

Abstract

<b><i>Introduction:</i></b> In patients with stroke, poststroke dysphagia (PSD) is a common complication that plays an important role in morbidity and mortality. The aim of this paper was to assess the prevalence and risk factors of PSD using a systemic review and meta-analysis. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science databases were systematically searched for potentially eligible studies published until September 2023. Further, the pooled incidence and risk factors for PSD were determined using a random-effects model. Overall, 58 studies involving 37,404 patients with acute stroke were selected for the meta-analysis. <b><i>Results:</i></b> The pooled incidence of PSD in patients with acute stroke was 42% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 36–48%), which is the highest in South America (47%) and lowest in Asia (37%). Notably, older age (odds ratio [OR]: 2.13; 95% CI: 1.53–2.97; <i>p</i> &lt; 0.001), hypertension (OR: 1.23; 95% CI: 1.06–1.44; <i>p</i> = 0.007), diabetes mellitus (OR: 1.22; 95% CI: 1.04–1.44; <i>p</i> = 0.014), stroke history (OR: 1.26; 95% CI: 1.04–1.53; <i>p</i> = 0.019), and atrial fibrillation (OR: 1.58; 95% CI: 1.02–2.44; <i>p</i> = 0.039) were found to be associated with an increased risk of PSD. Conversely, sex differences, smoking, alcoholism, obesity, hyperlipidemia, ischemic heart disease, stroke type, and the hemisphere affected were not associated with the risk of PSD. <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> The abstract reports the prevalence of PSD in patients with acute stroke and identified potential risk factors for PSD, including older age, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, stroke history, and atrial fibrillation.