Effect of Nonionizing Radiation on Progesterone Treatment in Endometrial Hyperplasia: An Experimental Rat Study

Abstract

<b><i>Objectives:</i></b> The aim of the study was to evaluate the negative effect of nonionizing radiation on the treatment of endometrial hyperplasia (EH) with oral progesterone. <b><i>Design:</i></b> Forty oophorectomized Wistar Albino female rats were included in this experimental rat study. <b><i>Materials and Methods:</i></b> The 4 groups were planned as follows: Group A; sham group; Group B; group receiving oral estradiol hemihydrate 4 mg/kg/day; Group C; 4 mg/kg/day oral estradiol hemihydrate followed with 1 mg/day medroxy progesterone acetate (MPA) and Group D; 4 mg/kg/day oral estradiol hemihydrate followed with 1 mg/day MPA with exposure to nonionizing radiation at 1800 mHz/3 h/day. After the experimental model, uterine horns were sampled and the preparations were evaluated for pathological parameters (glandular density, epithelial cell length, and luminal epithelial cell length) via light microscopy. Nonionizing radiation was created by a signal generator and a compatible mobile phone. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Estrogen was found to increase all parameters related to EH (<i>p</i> &#x3c; 0.05). Progesterone treatment was found to decrease parameters related to EH (Group B vs. C; luminal epithelial cell length, glandular density, and epithelial length; 11.2 vs. 13.2 μm <i>p</i> = 0.007; 32.5 vs. 35.5, <i>p</i> = 0.068; and 219.9 μm vs. 285 µm, <i>p</i> &#x3c; 0.001, respectively). Final analyses revealed reduced effectiveness of progesterone treatment in the rats exposed to nonionizing radiation (Group C vs. D); luminal epithelial cell length, glandular density, and epithelial length (11.2 μm vs. 13.5 μm, <i>p</i> = 0.179; 32.5 vs. 52, <i>p</i> &#x3c; 0.001; and 219.9 μm vs. 374.1 μm, <i>p</i> = 0.001, respectively). <b><i>Limitations:</i></b> The limitations of our study are that the results of animal experiments may not be appropriate for direct adaptation to humans and the relatively low number of rats included in the study. <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> Nonionizing radiation reduces the effect of progesterone in patients receiving treatment for EH.