Phaeohyphomycosis: Cytomorphologic Evaluation in Eleven Cases

Author:

Kundu Reetu,Handa Uma,Punia Rajpal Singh,Singla Nidhi,Chander Jagdish,Attri Ashok Kumar

Abstract

Objective: Phaeohyphomycosis caused by phaeoid fungi is a type of mycosis emerging worldwide which causes a wide variety of clinical manifestations. Study Design: A retrospective analysis of 11 cases diagnosed with fungal inflammation on cytology over a period of 6 years (2013–2018) was done along with culture/histopathologic confirmation. Results: Of the total of 11 cases, 9 cases presented with subcutaneous swellings and 1 case each with brain and lung lesions. The age range was 30–83 years (mean: 53.6); 8 patients were male and 3 were female. Cytologic smears showed fungal profiles with septate tortuous hyphae, as well as swollen and narrow, yeast-like swellings with an irregular breadth of the hyphae in all cases. The fungal profiles were visualized on a Masson-Fontana stain. The background showed inflammatory cells, giant cells, and necrosis in variable proportions. Five cases were diagnosed as phaeohyphomycosis on cytology, whereas 3 cases were misdiagnosed as aspergillus and 2 as candida. In 1 case, typing of the fungus was not done. Histopathology was available in 5 cases, and in all these a diagnosis of phaeohyphomycosis was reached. Ten of the 11 cases had confirmation on fungal culture. Conclusions: Phaeoid fungi are rarely seen in routine cytologic practice. Careful evaluation of cytologic smears and an awareness of the characteristic morphologic features of phaeohyphomycosis are helpful in arriving at a correct diagnosis. Fine needle aspiration cytology provides a rapid diagnosis, enabling prompt therapy.

Publisher

S. Karger AG

Subject

General Medicine,Histology,Pathology and Forensic Medicine

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1. Phaeohyphomycosis: A 10-Year Study From a Tertiary Care Centre in South India;Cureus;2024-08-25

2. Phaeohyphomycosis: A Review;Microbiology Research;2023-10-31

3. Subcutaneous mycoses in a tertiary care hospital in India;Journal of Current Research in Scientific Medicine;2023-07

4. Cytodiagnosis of Subcutaneous Pheohyphomycosis;Medical Journal of Dr. D.Y. Patil Vidyapeeth;2023-05

5. Phaeohyphomycosis;Indian Journal of Pathology and Microbiology;2023-04

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