A Metabolically Unhealthy Phenotype Is Associated with ADIPOQ Genetic Variants and Lower Serum Adiponectin Levels

Abstract

<b><i>Background:</i></b> Even though excessive adipose tissue is related to chronic metabolic disturbances, not all subjects with excess weight (EW) display metabolic alterations, and not all normal-weight (NW) subjects have a metabolically healthy (MH) phenotype, probably due to gene-environment interactions. The aim of this study was to investigate the interaction effects of <i>ADIPOQ</i> and <i>PPARG</i> genetic variants in NW and EW individuals with different metabolic phenotypes. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> Data on 345 adults from western Mexico were analyzed. The individuals were classified into NW and EW groups according to body mass index, and were categorized as MH or metabolically unhealthy (MUH), considering homeostatic model assessment insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) and National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III (NCEP-ATP III) cut-off points for glucose, triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and blood pressure. Subjects with ≤1 altered parameter were classified as MH. The single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) –11377C&#x3e;G, –11391G&#x3e;A, +45T&#x3e;G, and +276G&#x3e;T for <i>ADIPOQ</i> and Pro12Ala for <i>PPARG</i> were analyzed by allelic discrimination. High-molecular-weight adiponectin isoform levels were measured by ELISA. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Lower serum adiponectin levels were associated with the MUH phenotype in EW subjects. NW subjects with the GG or TG genotype for the +45T&#x3e;G SNP had reduced odds of the MUH phenotype. Individuals who carried two copies of the GG haplotype at the –11391G&#x3e;A and –11377C&#x3e;G SNPs for <i>ADIPOQ</i> had lower serum adiponectin levels than those with zero copies. <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> In this population, lower serum adiponectin levels were found in the EW-MUH phenotype, and no differences were observed between the NW-MH and the EW-MH phenotype. In addition, the +45T&#x3e;G SNP was associated with reduced odds of the MUH phenotype.