1. Stillings D: The first use of electricity for pain treatment. Medtronic Archive on Electro-Stimulation, 1971.
2. Isaacson W: Benjamin Franklin. An American Life. New York, Simon & Schuster, 2003.
3. Pruel MC: A history of neuroscience from Galen to Gall; in Greenblatt SH, Dagi TF, Epstein MH (eds): A History of Neurosurgery. Park Ridge, American Association of Neurological Surgeons, 1997, pp 99-130.
4. The First Reported Case of Electrical Stimulation of the Human Brain