Sleeve Gastrectomy Is the Most Common Cause of Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease in Comparison with Other Bariatric Operations

Abstract

<b><i>Introduction:</i></b> Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is one of the complications of bariatric operations that might affect the quality of life. We aim to perform a retrospective cohort study to determine the incidence of symptomatic GERD following different types of bariatric surgery and which operations are considered a contraindication of GERD. Besides, we are attempting to identify the risk factors of GERD after bariatric surgery. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> Medical records of 729 patients who had undergone bariatric operations between January 2010 and June 2019 at the Shamir (Assaf Harofeh) Medical Center were reviewed. <b><i>Results:</i></b> There was a significant difference between the type of bariatric procedure and the incidence of GERD symptoms after the operation. The incidence of symptomatic GERD in patients who underwent sleeve gastrectomy (SG) was 39.9% (<i>p</i> = 0.0131). This was significantly higher compared to 16.4% following Roux-en-Y gastric bypass, 23.4% following laparoscopic adjustable gastric band, and 11% following one anastomosis gastric bypass. 113 patients out of 718 had a positive swallow test, and of these patients, 71 developed GERD symptoms postoperatively without correlation to the degree of reflux at the swallow test but with statistically significant correlation to the type of operation especially for SG (<i>p</i> value &#x3c; 0.001), and to our knowledge, this was never reported in the literature. <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> SG is a good bariatric procedure option but should be considered carefully in asymptomatic patients with reflux at contrast swallow study and symptomatic GERD patients preoperatively because of high levels of symptomatic GERD postoperatively. Asymptomatic reflux at contrast swallow study preoperatively could be considered a risk factor for GERD after the operation. More studies are needed to be performed on this subject with the addition of postoperative contrast swallow test and pH monitoring preoperatively and postoperatively.