Fisetin Suppresses Atherosclerosis by Inhibiting Ferroptosis-Related Oxidative Stress in Apolipoprotein E Knockout Mice

Abstract

<b><i>Introduction:</i></b> Fisetin has been demonstrated to inhibit the occurrence of atherosclerosis; however, the mechanism of fisetin suppressing atherosclerosis remains elusive. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> The function of fisetin in the inhibition of atherosclerosis was evaluated by hematoxylin and eosin and Oil Red O staining in <i>ApoE</i>^−/− mice. Molecular biomarkers of atherosclerosis progression were detected by Western blot and qPCR. Moreover, the inhibition of atherosclerosis on oxidative stress and ferroptosis was evaluated by immunofluorescence staining, qPCR, and Western blot assays. <b><i>Results:</i></b> The obtained results showed that serum lipid was attenuated and consequentially the formation of atherosclerosis was also suppressed by fisetin in <i>ApoE</i>^−/− mice. Exploration of the mechanism revealed that molecular biomarkers of atherosclerosis were decreased under fisetin treatment. The level of reactive oxygen species and malondialdehyde declined, while the activity of superoxide dismutases and glutathione peroxidase was increased under the fisetin treatment. Additionally, the suppressor of ferroptosis, glutathione peroxidase 4 proteins, was elevated. The ferritin was decreased in the aortic tissues treated with fisetin. <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> In summary, fisetin attenuated the formation of atherosclerosis through the inhibition of oxidative stress and ferroptosis in the aortic tissues of <i>ApoE</i>^−/− mice.