Comparative Pharmacokinetic Study of Mangiferin in Normal and Alloxan-Induced Diabetic Rats after Oral and Intravenous Administration by UPLC-MS/MS

Abstract

Backgrounds: Diabetes mellitus (DM)-induced morphological and/or functional complications may alter the pharmacokinetic profiles of mangiferin. This study aims to compare pharmacokinetic profiles of mangiferin in normal and alloxan-induced diabetic rats after oral and intravenous administration. Methods: Mangiferin was administered orally (10 mg/kg) and intravenously (2 mg/kg) to normal and alloxan-induced diabetic Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats (n = 8). Blood samples were collected at different time points post-dose. Mangiferin and esculentoside (internal standard)  were analyzed by Waters Acquity ultra-performance liquid chromatography system and TSQ Quantum Ultra triple quadrupole mass spectrometer (UPLC-MS/MS). Results: Mangiferin in normal and alloxan-induced diabetic rats experienced serious first-pass effect, which resulted in 1.71 and 0.80% of oral bioavailability respectively. Meanwhile, mangiferin was predominantly restricted to blood but not extensively distributed to organ tissues after intravenous administration. Compared with normal rats, the diabetic condition induced 53.26 and 50.90% decreases in Cmax and AUC0–t, respectively, for mangiferin after oral administration, and 63.08% decreases in Cmax after intravenous administration. Conclusions: Compared to normal rats, pharmacokinetic parameters of mangiferin were altered in diabetic condition induced by alloxan. The findings might help to provide useful evidence for modeling of diabetic rats and the clinical applications of mangiferin.