Predicted Fat Mass, Lean Body Mass, and Risk of Hypertension: Results from a Chinese Male Cohort Study

Abstract

<b><i>Introduction:</i></b> Few studies have deciphered whether lean body mass (LBM) or fat mass (FM) is predominantly responsible for the body mass index (BMI)-hypertension association. This study aimed to assess the associations of predicted LBM and FM with hypertension risk among Chinese male adults. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> A prospective cohort study was conducted among 2,812 male participants free of hypertension in the Fangchenggang Area Males Health and Examination Survey in 2009. We performed multivariable Cox models and restricted cubic spline to examine the associations of predicted LBM and FM and BMI with hypertension, and to further explore the mediating roles of lipid and glycemic traits in the relationship between predicted FM and blood pressure. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Of 1,238 participants included in the cohort study, 306 (24.8%) hypertension cases were identified during a median follow-up of 3.8 years, with an incidence rate of 7.0 per 100 person-years. A positive linear-shaped association was consistently observed between BMI and hypertension (<i>p</i> for trend &#x3c;0.001). Multivariable-adjusted Cox models including predicted LBM and FM observed a positive association between predicted FM and hypertension. Compared with those in the lowest quartile of predicted FM, men in the highest quartile had a hazard ratio (HR) of 1.83 (95% confidence interval (CI): 1.13–2.97) for hypertension. The HR per standard deviation increase of BMI and predicted FM was 1.11 (95% CI: 1.04–1.19) above 23.1 kg/m² and 1.05 (95% CI: 1.02–1.15) above 14.6 kg, respectively. However, predicted LBM was not associated with hypertension. In addition, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c) and fasting blood glucose (FBG) mediated the relationship of predicted FM with systolic blood pressure, with a mediation ratio of 37.1% and 8.2%, respectively. Furthermore, total cholesterol (TC) and triglyceride (TG) positively mediated the association of predicted FM with diastolic blood pressure, with a mediation ratio of 9.5% and 9.9%, respectively. <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> Higher predicted FM might play a central role in the positive linear relationship of the BMI-hypertension association in Chinese male adults, and the link from predicted FM to blood pressure was partially mediated by TC, TG, HDL-c, and FBG.