Can Deep Brain Stimulation Withdrawal Syndromes Be Avoided by Removing Infected Implanted Pulse Generator and Cables with Contralateral Replacement in the Same Session?

Abstract

<b><i>Objective:</i></b> Infections are feared complications following deep brain stimulation in 1.9 to 17.6% of cases. These infections can necessitate the removal of implants, which carries the risk of life-threatening withdrawal syndromes, especially in patients suffering from Parkinson’s disease. In this report, we describe our procedure of removing an infected implanted pulse generator (IPG) and cables with contralateral replacement in the same session. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> We retrospectively analysed all patients with transpositions of an IPG and cables between 2017 and 2020 in a single-centre, university hospital setting. Medical records of all patients undergoing this particular surgical procedure were systematically reviewed. The shortest follow-up time was 12 months. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Between 2017 and 2020, we had 6 patients with a high risk of withdrawal syndrome in whom an infected IPG with cables was removed and replaced on the opposite side in the same session. There were postoperative complications in 2 patients: in one, the generator had to be re-affixed, and in the second, a skin transplant was required over one electrode because of skin necrosis. No case of invasive infection was seen, and the stimulation therapy was not interrupted. <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> One-session removal of an IPG and cables with contralateral replacement seems to be an effective therapy for patients at high risk of withdrawal syndrome.